Python convert XML to JSON

In this article, you will learn how to convert from XML to JSON using the Python programming language. Python has a bunch of supportive libraries and packages that limit the utilization of code in our regular daily life. This nature of Python makes it a hot pick among a large portion of the development, particularly for Data Scientists.

XML plays an important role in a developer's life. It provides a structured way to mark up data arranged in a tree like hierarchy. It is also known as document representation language. As it is rendered easily in many web applications, it becomes a good choice in web services and data exchange. As it reduces complexity and data can be read by different incompatible applications, it becomes a good choice in web services and data exchange. In general, the XML can be somewhat heavier. You're sending more information, which implies you need more transfer speed, more extra room, and more run time.

Both XML and JSON are used for transferring data between a client and a server. But, JSON has been displaced by XML in many basic situations. As, JSON is more lightweight, fast parsing than XML. A JSON object contains data in the form of a key/value pair. The keys are strings and the values are the JSON types. They are separated by a colon. Data in JSON can be easily accessible as objects. It provides an automated way to easily serialize and deserialize Javascript.

In this article, you will learn to convert data from XML to JSON using Python.

Python converting XML data to JSON

Suppose we have the following xml that contains student records -

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<root>
<stu1 type="dict">
<name type="str">Priska</name>
<class type="str">3A</class>
<year type="int">2014</year>
</stu1>
<stu2 type="dict">
<name type="str">Somiya</name>
<class type="str">2A</class>
<year type="int">2016</year>
</stu2>
<stu3 type="dict">
<name type="str">Adam</name>
<class type="str">4C</class>
<year type="int">2012</year>
</stu3>
</root>

To generate XML, first we need to install the xmltodict module using the following command.

pip3 install xmltodict

After the successful installation, the above command returns message something like this -

Installing collected packages: xmltodict
Successfully installed xmltodict-0.12.0

Here is the complete code to convert an XML to JSON using Python. There are several libraries and methods available to convert from XML, but we are using a simple Python module 'xmltodict' to convert data from xml.

In the given code, we have imported three modules. The xmltodict module is used to convert data from xml to dictionary. The xmltodict.parse() method parses the given XML input and convert it into a dictionary. The pprint module provides definition of PrettyPrinter class that represents the data in a formatted way. The indent parameter defines indentation added on each recursive level. The default value is 1. The use of the json module to pretty print the JSON data. The json.dumps() method takes the json object and returns a JSON formatted string.

import xmltodict
import pprint
import json

my_xml = """<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
<root>
<stu1 type="dict">
<name type="str">Priska</name>
<class type="str">3A</class>
<year type="int">2014</year>
</stu1>
<stu2 type="dict">
<name type="str">Somiya</name>
<class type="str">2A</class>
<year type="int">2016</year>
</stu2>
<stu3 type="dict">
<name type="str">Adam</name>
<class type="str">4C</class>
<year type="int">2012</year>
</stu3>
</root>
"""
my_dict = xmltodict.parse(my_xml)
pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)
pp.pprint(json.dumps(my_dict))

The above code returns the following output -

('{"root": {"stu1": {"@type": "dict", "name": {"@type": "str", "#text": '
 '"Priska"}, "class": {"@type": "str", "#text": "3A"}, "year": {"@type": '
 '"int", "#text": "2014"}}, "stu2": {"@type": "dict", "name": {"@type": "str", '
 '"#text": "Somiya"}, "class": {"@type": "str", "#text": "2A"}, "year": '
 '{"@type": "int", "#text": "2016"}}, "stu3": {"@type": "dict", "name": '
 '{"@type": "str", "#text": "Adam"}, "class": {"@type": "str", "#text": "4C"}, '
 '"year": {"@type": "int", "#text": "2012"}}}}')

Python convert XML file to JSON file

In the given code, we have converted an XML file to a JSON file. First, we have imported the necessary modules - xmltodict, pprint and json. Then, we have opened the input XML file and read the data in the form of a Python dictionary. Next, we got the JSON formatted string with the help of json.dumps and written the data to a JSON file.

import xmltodict
import pprint
import json   
  
# open the input xml file and read data 
with open("employee.xml") as xml_file: 
      
    my_dict = xmltodict.parse(xml_file.read()) 
    xml_file.close() 
      
    json_data = json.dumps(my_dict)
      
    # write the json data to output  
    with open("employee.json", "w") as json_file: 
        json_file.write(json_data) 
        json_file.close() 

    pp = pprint.PrettyPrinter(indent=4)
    pp.pprint(json_data)

The above code generates the given JSON file in output -

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