Contour Detection using Python OpenCV

In this article, you will learn contour detection of an image using Python OpenCV.

Contours are defined as the lines joining all continuous points along the boundary of an image that have the same intensity and color. Contours are basically used in shape analysis, finding the size of the object of interest, and object detection and recognition.

Required Modules

OpenCV (cv2)
Matplotlib

We hope the above modules are installed in your system. If you do not have it installed, you can install it using the pip tool-

pip install opencv-contrib-python matplotlib

Contour Detection Code Explanation

Here, we have explained the contour detection code line by line.

First, we will load the image using OpenCV cv2.imread() function -

image = cv2.imread("house.jpg")

Next, we will convert the imported image to grayscale. The cv2.cvtColor() method is used to convert an image from one color-space to another. It specifies the type of conversion. We need to convert to grayscale, so we will use cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY in the second parameter.

gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

It is necessary to create a binary image before contour detection. A binary image has each pixel either in black or white. In OpenCV, finding the contour in this binary image is like finding a white object in a black background. It gives us better accuracy.

So, we will create a binary threshold image. It disables the pixels having a value of less than 255 and enables the pixels having a value of more than 255.

_, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, 225, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)

Next, we will find the contour from the generated binary threshold image. OpenCV provides the cv2.findContours() function to create contours. It accepts three parameters, input image, hierarchy type, and the contour approximation type. The cv2.RETR_TREE gets the entire hierarchy of contours in the image and establishes a relationship between them. The cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE removes all redundant points and compresses the contour, thereby saving memory.

contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(binary, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

The cv2.drawContours() method is used to draw all contours.

image = cv2.drawContours(image, contours, -1, (0, 255, 0), 2)

Complete Code: OpenCV Contour Detection

import cv2
from matplotlib import pyplot as plt

# loading the image
image = cv2.imread("house.jpg")

# convert to grayscale
gray = cv2.cvtColor(image, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# create a binary thresholded image
_, binary = cv2.threshold(gray, 225, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY_INV)

# contours from the thresholded image
contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(binary, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

# draw all contours
image = cv2.drawContours(image, contours, -1, (255, 0, 0), 4)

plt.subplot(121),plt.imshow(binary, cmap="gray")
plt.subplot(122),plt.imshow(image)
plt.show()

Output -

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